How To Read English Basic Grammar
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There are some basic rules of sentence change for our daily conversation.
1.Active Voice:Subject যখন নিজেই প্রত্যক্ষভাবে কাজ করে তাকে Active Voice বলে।
চেনার উপায়ঃSubject এর নাম বাক্যের প্রথমে থাকে এবং Tense এর মূল
গঠন ঠিক থাকে।
Example: They are playing
cricket.
He has planted trees.
2.Passive Voice:Subject নিজে কাজ করে না তবে ফল সেই ভোগ করে বা দ্বারা সূচিত কাজটি সে গ্রহন করে তাকে Passive
Voice বলে।
চেনার উপায়ঃ Subject এর নাম বাক্যের
শেষে থাকে বা উহ্য থাকে এবং Subject এর নামটি বাক্যের শুরুতে থাকে ও Tense এর মূল গঠন ঠিক থাকে না।
Example:Cricket is being played
by them.
Trees have been planted by him.
***Active Voice থেকে Passive
Voice করার মূল বিষয়ঃ
1.Active Voice এর Object টি
Passive Voice এর Subject হবে।
2.Tense অনুসারে
Auxiliary Verb বসবে।
3 .Main Verb এর Past Participle
বসবে।
4.By/Any Other preposition বসবে।
5.Active Voice এর Subject টি Passive Voice এর Object হিসেবে Preposition এর পর বসবে।
***Passive Voice থেকে Active Voice করার সহজ উপায়ঃ
1.Passive Voice এর Object টি Active Voice এর Subject বসবে ।তবে Object দেয়া
না থাকলে সংগতিপূর্ন Object (We,People,Someone,Somebody)
ধরে তাকে Subject করতে হবে।
2.Tense এর মূল গঠন প্রয়োগ করতে হবে।এসময়ে
কিছু Auxiliary Verb বাদ যায়।
3.Preposition বাদ
যাবে।
4.Passive Voice এর Subject টি Active Voice এর Object হয়ে যাবে।
Passive Voice এ ব্যবহৃত Auxiliary Verbs:
1.Active Voice Present Indefinite Tense:Am/Is/Are.
2.Active Voice Past
Indefinite :Was/Were.
3. ,,
,, Present Continuous:Am
being/Is being/Are being.
4. ,,
,, Past Continuous :Was being/Were being.
5. ,,
,, Present Perfect :Have been/Has been.
6. ,,
,, Past Perfect : Had been.
7. ,,
,, Present Perfect Con. :Have
been being /Has been being.
8. ,,
,, Modal Auxiliary Verbs: Modal
A.V. + be
Note : কোন Noun
Subject/Objectহিসেবে স্থান পরিবর্তন করলে তার form পরিবর্তন হয় না। তবে Pronoun
Subject/Object হিসেবে স্থান পরিবর্তন করলে
তার form পরিবর্তন হয়।Subjective and Objective Form of Proun as follows:
Subjective -
Objective
I/We -
Me/Us.
He/She -Him/Her.
They/You -Them/You.
যেসকল Sentence এর Voice Change হয়ঃ 1.Assertive Sentence.
2.Inerrogative
Sentence.
3.Imperative
Sentence.
4.Quassi
Pssive.
Assertive Sentence: 1.Active=Subject+verb+Object.
Passive=Object টি Subject হয় +A.V.+V3+By/Preposition+Subject টি Object
হয়।
Example:
Active:The teacher teaches us Math.
Passive:Math is taught us by the teacher.
A.He grows paddy.
Passive:Paddy is grown by him.
Active:She killed herself.
Passive:She was killed by
herself.
Active:They pleased us.
Passive:We were pleased with
them.
Active:He told us that we can use
our resources
Passive:We were told by him that
our resources can be used by us.
Note:প্রত্যকটি Tense এর জন্য আলাদা নিয়ম
না পড়ে উপরের গঠনেই সবগুলো করা যাবে। তবে মনে রাখতে হবে কিছু verb এর পরে by না বসে অন্য preposition বসে।
যেমনঃ Contain-In,Please-With/at,Satisfied/Contented-With,Charmed/Marvelled-At,Seized-With,surprised
at,shocked at,annoyed at,/with, etc.
Interrogative sentence.
1.Active:Do/Does +Subject +Main Verb +Object + ?
Passive:Am/Is/Are+Object টি Sbject+V3+By/Preposition+Subjectটি Object+?
Active:Does she sing that sweet
song?
Passive:Is that sweet song sung
by her?
2.Active:Did +Subject+Main
verb+Object?
Passive:Was/Were+Object টি
Subject +V3+Preposition+Subject টি Object+?
Active.Did you know him?
Passive.Was he known to you?
Note:Assertive sentence ও Interrogative sentence এর Voice Change same নিয়মেই
হয় শুধু Auxiliary verb Interrogative
sentence এ subject এর পূর্বে বসে।
3.Active:Who+verb+object+?
Passive:
By whom +A.V.+obj.টি subj. হয়+be/being/been+V3+?
Active: Who can drive the car?
Passive:By whom can the car be
driven?
Active:Who was cultivating the
land?
Passive:By whom was the land
being cultivated?
4.Whom +A.V.+subject+verb+?
Passive:
Who+A.V.+be/being/been+V3+by/preposition+subj.টি obj.হয়+?
Active:Whom are you looking
for?
Passive:Who is being looked for
by you?
But :What are you doing?
Passive:What is being done by
you?
Imperative Sentence:
1.Active:Main verb+object.
Passive:Let+obj.টি subj.হবে +be+V3.
Active:Bring the book.
Passive:Let the book be
brought.
2.Active:Verb+pronoun+object.
Passive:Let+obj. টি subj.হবে+be+V3+for
pronoun.
Active:Bring me a pen.
Passive:Let a pen be brought
for me.
3.Active:Do not+verb+object.
Passive:Let not +object+be+V3.
Active:Do not look down upon
the poor.
Passive:Let not the poor be
looked down upon.
4.Active:Let+objective form of
pronoun+verb+object.
Passive:Let+object+be+V3+by+pronoun.
Active:Let me sing a song.
Passive:Let a song be sung by
me.
5.Active:Please/Kindly+verb+object.
Passive:You are requested
to+V1+object.
Active:Please help the poor
man.
Passive:You are requested to
help the poor man.
Besides these,
Active:Always speak the truth.
Passive:Let the truth be spoken
always.
Active:Never tell a lie.
Passive:Let a lie never be
told.
Quassi Passive
না Active না Passive তাকেই বলে Quassi Passive.যখন কোন অব্যক্তিবাচক/অপ্রনীবাচক
নামকে কাজ করছে বলে বুঝানো হয় তখন সেটি Quassi Passive হয়।
Active:Subject+verb+Adjective
Passive:Subject+A.V.+V3+Adjective.
OR :Subject+A.V.+Adjective+When+it/they+A.V.+V3.
Active: My pen writes well.
Passive: My pen is written
well.
OR:
My pen is well when it is written.
Active: Honey tastes sweet.
Passive: Honey is sweet when it
is tasted.
OR: Honey is tasted sweet.
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