Sentence Connectors/Linkers

Q.NO-08: Sentence Connectors/Linkers

Connectors with Meaning

Therefore/so/that’s why-AZGe/myZivs, but-wKš‘y, in fact-cÖK…Z c‡ÿ, on the contrary/on the other hand- cÿvšÍ‡i, of course/Certainly- Aek¨B, in brief/in short/to sum up-ms‡ÿ‡c, and-Ges, either ...or-nq GwU... bq AciwU, neither...nor-GwU I bq...IwU I bq, both...and-DfqB, or-A_ev, as well as-Ges, not only...but also-‡Kej GwU bq ...IwUI, in addition to/ besides/ moreover/ furthermore AwaKš‘y/GQvov I,too-I, For example/for instance/such as-D`vnibmiƒc, nevertheless- m‡Ë¡I, though/ although/ even though-hw`I, in spite of/despite-m‡Ë¡I, instead of-cwie‡Z©,whether...or-‡nvK ev bv †nvK, rather...than-eis, where-‡hLv‡b, except-

however-hv †nvK,yet/still-ZeyI, while/when -hLb, whereas-A_P, than-‡P‡q/ A‡cÿv, so...as/ as...as-g‡Zv/‡hgb...‡Zgb, as/since/for/because-Kvib/‡h‡nZz, as a result/consequently/as a consequence-d‡j, thus-Gfv‡e/Giƒ‡c, lest-hv‡Zbv, so that/that/in order that-hv‡Z/hvnv‡Z, so...that-G‡Zv †h, if-hw`, or/otherwise-A_ev/bZzev, unless-hw`bv ,untill/till-hZÿbbv/ch©šÍ, then-ZLb/ Zvici, provided/provided that/providing-hw`, as long as- hZÿb ch©šÍ, as soon as-‡hBgvÎ/mv‡_ mv‡_, at present/ nowGLb/eZ©gv‡b, No sooner had ...than/Hardly/Scarcely had...when-n‡Z bv n‡ZB, as if/as though/ even though-‡hb/hw`I, however-hv †nvK, above all-m‡e©vcwi, like/as-gZ/‡hgb, Similarly-Abyiƒc, Firstly/ secondly ...,Apart from-e¨ZxZ, In case-hw`, Meanwhile- B‡Zvg‡a¨, at that time-‡m mg‡q/ZLb, at the same time-GKB mg‡q, who-‡h/whwb, which-hv/‡hwU, what-hv/wK, whom-hv‡K, whose-hvi, usually/generally- mvavibZ, accordingly/according to- Abymv‡i, with a view to/in order to- Rb¨/D‡Ï‡k¨,

Use of Sentence Connectors

1.Similarly/likewise/in the same way-(Similarity)- mv`„k¨ eySv‡Z e¨envi Kiv nq| Example- Men work in the field. Similarly, women are now working there.

2.On the other hand/still/on the contrary/in contrast/despite/in spite of-(Contrast) nonetheless/ nevertheless/however/yet/anyway- (Unexpected result)-‰emv`„k¨ ‡`Lv‡bvi Rb¨ Zzjbv Kiv eySv‡Z e¨envi Kiv nq| Example-Hasan is a good student. On the contrary, his sister is weak student.

3.As a result/as a consequence/consequently/hence/thus/therefore/accordingly/so-(Result)- djvdj eySv‡Z e¨envi Kiv nq| Example- Mita passed the exam. As a result, she will get the job.

4.Also/besides/further/moreover/furthermore/in addition/too/apart from-(Addition/more information)-ms‡hvRb/AwZwi³ Z_¨ cÖ`vb eySv‡Z e¨envi Kiv nq| Example-Rina writes short stories. In addition, she writes articles in the newspaper.

5.Firstly/at first/first of all/secondly/thirdly/fourthly/finally/lastly/last of all/at the beginning/next/after that/then/in the end/at the end/at last/to sum up/in conclusion-(Listing)-ZvwjKv e×Kib ev avivevwnKZv eySv‡Z e¨envi Kiv nq| Example-Tree plantation has many benefits. Firstly, it gives us oxygen. Secondly, they give us fruits. Thirdly, they give us shelter. Last of all, they add life to a place.

6.In the meantime/meanwhile/at first/afterwards/later/then/at present/now/-(Time)-mgq eySv‡Z e¨envi Kiv nq| Example-At first I will finish my breakfast. Then I will take my book.

7.For example/for instance/To illustrate/such as/like-(Exemplification)-D`vnib ev `„óvšÍ †`qv eySv‡Z e¨envi Kiv nq| Example-If we can change our food habit, we can solve food problem. For example, we can take potato in stead of rice.

8.Particularly/specifically-(Particularization)-mywbw`©óZv/we‡klx Kib eySv‡Z e¨envi Kiv nq| Example-We need to arrange everything for the tour. Specifically, we have to confirm a bus.

9.Indeed/in fact/actually/as a matter of fact-(Emphasis)-wel‡qi ¸iæZ¡ ev ZxeªZv eySv‡Z e¨envi Kiv nq| Example-Mr. Rahman is a wealthy man. In fact, he is the richest man in this area.

10.In short/in brief/in summary/in conclusion/to sum up/all in all/after all/above all-(Summarization / conclusion)- wel‡qi mvi ms‡ÿc ev mgvwßKib eySv‡Z e¨envi Kiv nq| Example-Our education system is not updated. In brief, it cannot develop our total education.

11.Otherwise/or else-(Negative situation)- wel‡qi bv †evaK A_© eySv‡Z e¨envi Kiv nq| Example-Students must study. Otherwise, they will fail.

12.Rather/precisely/to be more precise-(Correction) wel‡qi ms‡kvab eySv‡Z e¨envi Kiv nq| Example-You cannot learn connectors. Rather you should practice it more.

13.That is/that is to say/in other words-(Explanation) wel‡qi e¨vL¨v eySv‡Z e¨envi Kiv nq| Example-There is only one topic to discuss; that is the question of using cell phone in the class.

14. Thus (Gfv‡e)-Amina is insincere and she does not study. Thus, she wastes time.

Use of Conjunctions as Connectors

15.And/as well as-(Ges/‡mB mv‡_)-mgvb A_©‡evaK `ywU evK¨/mgRvZxq `ywU kã hy³ K‡i| GKwU Kv‡Ri ci Av‡iKwU KvR m¤úbœ nIqv eySv‡Z e¨venvi Kiv nq| Example-I was ill and I could not attend the ceremony.

16.But-(wKš‘)wecixZ A_©‡evaK `ywU evK¨/evK¨vsk‡K hy³ K‡i| (Compound sentence G but, sentence Gi gv‡S e‡m Ges simple sentence G but, sentence Gi ïiæ‡Z e‡m)| Example-Nabil studied hard but he did not get chance in DU. I called him twice and went to his house yesterday. But he didn’t meet me.

17. Though/although-(hw`I)-wecixZ A_©‡evaK Complex Sentence A_©vr RwUj/wgkÖ ev‡K¨ e¨envi Kiv nq| †hgb: Though the old man is weak, he tries to earn his bread himself.

Note: Sentence G `ywU Ask _vK‡j Ges wecixZ A_© eySv‡j sentence Gi gv‡Si k~Y¨¯’v‡b although/though/but †h †KvbwU em‡Z cv‡i, Z‡e sentence G GKwU Ask _vK‡j Ges wecixZ A_© eySv‡j sentence Gi ïiyi k~Y¨¯’v‡b but e‡m|

18.Either ....or-(GUv A_ev HUv) `ywU weK‡íi †h †Kvb GKwU eySv‡Z e¨envi Kiv nq| Example-Either you will come or I will go back.

19.Neither ....nor-(GUvI bv A_ev HUvI bv)-`ywU weK‡íi †KvbwUB bv eySv‡Z e¨envi Kiv nq| Example-She will neither dance nor sing.

20.Not only...but also-(ïay GUv bv HUv I)bv †evaK ev‡K¨ `ywU weKí‡K hy³ K‡i| Example-I need not only books but also pens.

21.Both ...and-(Dfq ev `ywUB)-n¨v †evaK ev‡K¨ `ywU weKí‡K hy³ K‡i| Example-We need both food and fruits.

22.Nor-(†KvbwUB bv -bv †evaK ev‡K¨ ¨envi Kiv nq) Example-They did not come nor did they phone us.

23.Who (‡h, whwb, hviv); whom (hv‡K,hv‡`i‡K)- e¨w³ eySv‡Z e¨envi nq| Ges which/what/that(‡hwU/hv)- e¯‘ eySv‡Z e¨envi nq, Avevi why (†Kb)- Kvib eySv‡Z| †hgb: The boy who came to you was my brother. The pen which he bought was red. The man whom I know is honest.

24. Or/otherwise-(A_ev/bZzev/Ab¨_vq) weKí eySv‡Z e¨envi Kiv nq| Example-Give up smoking or you will kill yourself.

25.If/In case/provided/provided that/providing that (hw`)/Unless (hw` bv)- kZ©g~jK ev‡K¨ e¨envi Kiv nq| †hgb: If he studied well, he could pass the exam. Unless you study well, you cannot pass the exam.

26.When (hLb/KLb)/while (hLb/‡h mgq)/before(c~‡e©)/after(c‡i)/as soon as(hLb/‡hB gvÎ)/till (ch©šÍ)/untill(‡h ch©šÍ bv)/As long as(hZÿY ch©šÍ) (Time)-mgq wb‡`©k Ki‡Z e¨envi Kiv nq| †hgb: When it is rainy season, the Padma river becomes dangerous.

27.As/since/because/for-(Kvib/‡h‡nZy/hLb)- Kvib I djvdj eySv‡Z e¨envi Kiv nq| †hgb: Since I was ill, I could not attend the class. 28.so...as/as...as(†hgb/g‡Zv)- mgvb ˆewk‡ó¨i Zzjbv Kiv eySv‡Z e¨envi Kiv nq|†hgb: Rina is as intelligent as Bina.

29.Since (hLb †_‡K)-It has been raining since morning. It is many years since we met last.

30.so that (hv‡Z)/so...that/too...to (G‡ZvB †h ...cv‡i bv)-Complex Sentence: He studies so that he can shine/ he was so weak that he could not walk. Simple sentence: He is too weak to walk. 31.Here/where/there (¯’vb eySv‡Z)- There are many people in this village.

32.In spite of/despite(m‡Ë¡I - wecixZ A_©‡evaK Simple sentence/ ev‡K¨ e¨envi Kiv nq )- In spite of working hard, he cannot develop. 33.As if/as Though (‡hb)-Complex Sentence: He speaks as though he were a teacher.

34.No sooner had...than/Hardly had/Scarcely had...when (n‡Z bv n‡ZB)- No sooner had he seen me than he came. Hardly had she reached the school when the rain stopped. 35.Than (‡P‡q/A‡cÿv)- `yB‡qi gv‡S Zzjbv Kiv eySv‡Z comparative degree †Z e¨envi Kiv nq| †hgb: Bangladesh is more beautiful than India. 36. Whether...or (‡nvK ev bv †nvK)-It is all the same to me whether you come or not. 37.Would rather ...than (‡P‡q/eis)- She would rather die than steal. 38.Lest (hv‡Z bv fq nq ...K‡i)-She studied hard lest she should fail the exam.

39.Who/which/what/that- k~Y¨¯’v‡bi c‡iB verb _vK‡j †mB k~Y¨¯’v‡b Who/which/what/that Gi †h †Kvb GKwU relative pronoun e‡m| †hgb: You are the boy who can do it.

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